Forensic Pathologist Essay Example for Free

Forensic Pathologist Essay In legal cases involving a dead body that has died of unnatural causes, such as homocide or suicide, a forensic pathologist, also known as a medical examiner is called in. The medical examiners main job is to perform an autopsy on the victim of any unnatural form of death. Many forensic pathologists also have been trained in the legal process of investigation on top of their medical training because they can be called to court as expert witnesses during a case. Possible job locations could vary for a medical examiner. They are needed in both state, local, and federal governments, as well as in hospitals, universities, and police departments.They spend time in the lab, on the crime scene, or in court as expert witnesses. The path to becoming a forensic pathologist is long and one that requires dedication and skill. The first qualification one needs is a four year undergraduate degree from a college. One needs to pick the right electives to help get them into medical school. Once you get your undergraduate degree one must work on getting their medical degree. Next, is a three to five year residency training program, which involves training under someone already qualififed in the field, specifically in general pathology. Finally, one must complete a one year specialty training program in forensic pathology at a medical examiners office or a coroners office. One important skill for a medical examiner to have is communcation skill. They must be able to communicate well in court if chosen to be expert witnesses, and just general have good communication with colligues. A good legal background will also help when in court situations. Medical examiners must not be of faint heart, which goes with out saying, as performing autopsys can be an emotional job. During the course of studying it is also important to have determination and self-diciple or failing in school is evident. Even though forensic pathologists are mainly trained as physicians, they must also have a knowledge on several non-medical studies as well. They also can deal with toxicology, firearm examination, trace evidence, forensic serology, and DNA technology to their investigation into the death of the victim. Blood and DNA tests are taken, as well as toxicology, to see if poison was involved with the death. Also, abdomen tissue samples are to test the contents of the stomach, and brain tissues samples are taken for tests. A forensic pathologists can have erratic work hours what with being called at anytime to a crime scene for their job, but the average hours they might work are 40-50 and usually between the hours of 8am-5pm. However, the private crime labs will usually require longer work hours often with a larger pay. Forensic pathologists approximately earn anywhere from $60,000 per year to $600,000 per year for the more experianced medical examiners.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Case Study for Interventions

Dissociative Identity Disorder Case Study for Interventions Elizabeth Flores STUDY Claireese Jones is a 16 year old African America teenager living in Harlem, New York. She is the only child of Mary Jones. Claireese has two children, one boy and one girl. Claireese daughter, Mango, is four years old and is diagnosed with Down syndrome but lives with Claireese grandmother. Her youngest son, Abdul is eight months old. Claireese is attending, Each One, Teach one, Alternative School and is currently in the eight grade. She is currently not working. B. Setting Harlem’s Women Center is a shelter for women who have children and were physically or mentally abuse. They work with women to reduce the physical, psychological and emotional trauma and the recurrence of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest experience by many of their clients. They work to secure their physical, emotional well being, individual freedom and economic equality. The agency offers counseling, legal services, childcare services, parenting classes, support groups and job readiness and job placement for their clients. The agency receive 97% of their revenues from government grants. C. Reason for referral Claireese was referred because she was recently homeless and was placed in a halfway house. She was referred by Ms. Rain, her teacher, who reported that she found Claireese in school, sleeping with her 3 day old son because her mother tried to kill her when she return home from the hospital. Claireese needs various services so she can eventually get her own place and support her children independently. She will need daycare services, so she can still continue to attend school, and earn her high school diploma. The social worker from the Welfare department reported that Claireese needs counseling to address experiences that were traumatic to her life. She will need extensive counseling. She needs to learn how to manage and care for her well being since she is already overweight and possible future health issues she will encounter in the future because of her diagnosis of HIV. Claireese has also experience episodes of blanking out and daydreaming. D. Description and Functioning of Client Claireese is considered overweight for her age. Her clothes are clean and she is always wearing cosmetic jewelry to match her outfits. She has her hair done and wears it differently. She can be verbal and nonverbal when talking to her at times. Client seems to be daydreaming when we discussed certain events in her life. She uses a lot of inappropriate language to describe how she feels. E. Physical and economic environment Claireese lives in a halfway house with her two children in Harlem, New York located in Manhattan. She receives a stipend while she attends school. She is also on welfare where she receives cash assistance and food stamps. She attends, Each One Teach One, Alternative school, Monday through Friday, in the day time. F. Current Social Functioning (as reported by parents/caregivers or child/teen or obtained from written reports) Claireese is estranged from her mother due to her abusive behavior towards her and her children. She has not seen her father since he last raped her, which is before she was pregnant. She knows that her grandmother would like to help her but is aware that she is also afraid of Mary. Client’s daughter, Mango, lived with great grandmother so client can attend school. Mary blames Claireese for being raped by her father and even accuses Claireese of stealing Marys boyfriend. Mary told her she is fat because she eats too much. Her mother never encourage her to attend school and told her it was a waste of time. Her mother is always telling Claireese, she is too stupid to learn anything. Claireese reported she never had a boyfriend but wish that she can have one in the future even though she feels she is too ugly and fat. She had two pregnancies that occur from her being raped by her father. Claireese is a currently attending Each one, Teach One, alternative school, pursuing her High school Diploma so she can teach her children something. The client’s teacher, Ms. Rain, motivated Claireese to want read and write by encouraging her to do her best. She was surprised by her success in her ability to read and that she was actually beginning to write. Her sense of personal competence is in development; she states that she did not think that she was very smart, but that her class work and successes are changing that opinion of herself. She is grateful for having John, Ms. Rain, her friends for their support and encouragement. She never thought that there would people who would really care for her. The client’s primary social supports are her peers and her teacher in the school. G. Personal and family history relevant to focus of assessment Claireese was sexually abuse since the age of three by her biological father, which produced two children. She has also been mentally and physically abuse by her mother. There is also a possibility of sexual abuse by her mother. Claireese just recently learned that she contracted the HIV disease from her father who recently died of the disease. Claireese grandmother took cared of Mongo, so Claireese can go to school and Mary can still collect welfare based on fraud. Claireese has always depended on her mother up to now, even though moms have lived off of Claireese’s welfare check. ASSESSMENT Psychological functioning Intellectual functioning- Client was not able to read or write but express interest in Math. Since attending the alternative school, client has been able to improve her reading and writing skills. Reality testing- Poor, client seems to suffer from delusions. Whenever the client is dealing with stressful experiences, she is not listening and seems to be out of tune at the moment. She explains that she daydreams and imagines that she is someone else living a different lifestyle. She is not aware what is happening to her at the time of incident. She also images that the pictures in her photo album talks to her. Coherence – Unimpaired, despite the client having delusions and has an imagination she can maintain on task whenever she is not dealing with stressful events. Impulse control-Good, Client tries to control her behavior by not getting herself in any more trouble than she has to. She has gotten herself transfer from her old school not only because of her being pregnant again because she threaten the principal. Judgment- Good; client have been able to make good judgments. She continues to go to school, so she can teach her children and earn her diploma. Memory/recall- Poor: she can recall some but not all information that pertains to her traumatic experiences and whenever she addresses those experiences she goes into her fantasies. Coping style- Poor; Client has never been able to deal with her traumatic experiences in a healthy way, even though she uses her imagination to forget what happened. Defense mechanisms: Poor: Client daydreams and uses her imagination as a way to cope with stressful experiences. Insight- Poor; Client has no idea how her traumatic experiences contributes to her mental issues. Self-Perception-Fair; client has the confidence that she needs to complete school and even with her illness she is confident she can still provide for her children. Emotional Functioning Ability to express feelings- Good, she is able to express how she feels. Rage of emotions-unimpaired: Client can express herself if she is more open to talking about how she feels. Once she sees that people care for her she can discuss how she is feeling. Appropriate of affects-Impaired; Client seems to avoid talking about specific events, she will change the topic so the focus is not on her. This may be the client way of denying what happen. Predominant mood- Poor; Client is depress and sad. Social/behavior functioning 1. Ability to form relationships – Unimpaired; client demonstrates an ability to form relationships as evidenced by her ability to develop friendships with peers in her school. She also developed a friendship with one of the male nurses at the hospital. 2. Social skills/social competence – Poor; client demonstrates a lack of social skills. 3. Overall role performance – Improving; client’s role as mother is improving, she is now taking care of both her children and continues to attend school. Her role as a student is great; she continues to improve her grade level reading. She went from reading at a second grade level to an eighth grade level. 4. Other functional behaviors, if appropriate – Good; client has developed relationships through her school. Client has no other friends other than school. D. Environmental issues and constraints affecting the situation. 1. Family – Poor; family is not supportive; mother is emotionally unstable and abusive towards Claireese. Her grandmother is too afraid of Mary, so she would not be able to assist Claireese. 2. Agency – Great; this agency is able to provide significant support in providing necessary services that Claireese needs. She has the availability of a daycare, so she can continue her education. She will receive housing assistance, so she can transition from the halfway house into her own place. 3. Community – Moderate; client’s neighborhood provides affordable housing and it is near public transportation and the school that she attends. 5. Physical Constraints, if appropriate – Poor; client recently discovered she is HIV positive and future health concerns associated with the illness will become a problem for her. 6. Economic Constraints, if appropriate – Fair; client has limited income from TANF and food stamps and she is currently living in a half way house. E. Motivation and commitment to services Claireese is very motivated in continuing her education. She wants to get her High School diploma. She wants to be able to learn how to read and write. She feels that if she continues to learns how to read and write, she can teach her children. Despite the fact that she has HIV, she clearly feels she still can be successful and do for her children, what her mother didnt do for her. She wants to prove to her mother that she is wrong. Her motivation is influence by her wanting a better future for her children. F. workers understanding of clients presenting situation/problem (person-in-environment) Client seems to be experiencing symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder. These symptoms include flashback, amnesia and emotional numbness. When dealing with stress, client escapes reality by daydreaming. She may have developed this disorder due to her traumatic experiences, starting with her being raped by her father. Whenever the client experience stressful events, she has fantasies about her being famous and being someone else, she even sees herself as a white blond girl. Client has no control over her daydreaming. She seems to not remember how she was first raped. Psychoanalytic theory help explains that client’s problems can be associated with painful childhood experiences that can sometimes be repressed. These repressed memories can shape the clients feelings, thoughts and behavior. These repress memories can be seen as defense mechanism (Robbins, Chatterjee, Canda, 2012). The client uses her fantasies as a way of ignoring what is happening at the present time, which is not healthy as the client condition can worsen and create maladaptive behaviors. Client repressing these traumatic experiences may explain how the client coped with these experiences. It is important to look at Erickson’s stage theory because it recognizes the importance of a person’s social location and the interaction between other individuals rather than just the family system. (Berzoff et al., 2011). Since, the client family system is not the strongest support system, the school staff and students are important people that provides positive feedback to the client. This will help the client learn to establish positive future relationships. Strengths Perspective is an approach to understanding the client in terms of her strengths, abilities, motivations, knowledge and available resources. (Guo Tsui, 2010) These qualities help the client the ability to solve their problems. This also can give you an idea how the client, who experienced many events in her life, overcame these obstacles and continues to attend school. (Robbins et al., 2012) They also talk about the courage an individual may have. She had the courage to confront her mother and finally leave the house in order to protect her children. Strengths Perspective focuses on the social environment as having many resources that can help individuals overcome obstacles. People have the ability to learn, grow and change. Client has the abilities to continue to grow so she can provide for her children. References Berzoff, J., Flanagan, L. M., Hertz, P. (2011). Inside Out And Outside In (3rd ed.). Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. Robbins, S., Chatterjee, P., Canda, E. (2012). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Guo, W., Tsui, M. (2010). From resilience to resistance: A reconstruction of the strengths perspective in social work practice. International Social Work, 53(2) , 233-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809355391

Current Technology And Future Trends Computer Science Essay

Current Technology And Future Trends Computer Science Essay Server virtualization is the masking of server resources including the number and identity of individual physical servers, processors, and operating systems from server users. The intention is to spare the user from having to understand and manage complicated details of server resources while increasing resource sharing and utilization and maintaining the capacity to expand later. Virtualization allows multiple operating system instances to run concurrently on a single computer; it is a means of separating hardware from a single operating system. Each â€Å"guest† OS is managed by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), also known as a hypervisor which is computer software/hardware platform virtualization software that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer concurrently. Because the virtualization system sits between the guest and the hardware, it can control the guests use of CPU, memory, and storage, even allowing a guest OS to migrate from one machine to another. Virtualization is a modified solution between centralized and decentralized deployments. Instead of purchasing and maintaining an entire computer for one application, each application can be given its own operating system, and all those operating systems can reside on a single piece of hardware. This provides the benefits of decentralization, like security and stability, while making the most of a machines resources. Advantages of Virtualization Zero downtime maintenance Freedom from vendor-imposed upgrade cycles Instant provisioning Pooling hardware resource Virtual hardware supports legacy operating systems efficiently Dynamic resource sharing Security and fault isolation Business continuity, backups, and automated restoration Examples of Productivity Using Virtualization When to use Virtualization As virtualization disentangles the operating system from the hardware, a number of very useful new tools become available. Virtualization allows an operator to control a guest operating systems use of CPU, memory, storage, and other resources, so each guest receives only the resources that it needs. This distribution eliminates the danger of a single runaway process consuming all available memory or CPU. It also helps IT staff to satisfy service level requirements for specific applications. Since the guest is not bound to the hardware, it also becomes possible to dynamically move an operating system from one physical machine to another. As a particular guest OS begins to consume more resources during a peak period, operators can move the offending guest to another server with less demand. This kind of flexibility changes traditional notions of server provisioning and capacity planning. With virtualized deployments, it is possible to treat computing resources like CPU, memory, and sto rage as a hangar of resources and applications can easily relocate to receive the resources they need at that time. Components of Virtual Infrastructure Bare-metal hypervisors to enable full virtualization of each x86 computer. Virtual infrastructure services such as resource management and consolidated backup to optimize available resources among virtual machines Automation solutions that provide special capabilities to optimize a particular IT process such as provisioning or disaster recovery. Physical to Virtual Server Migration Any respectable virtualization solution will offer some kind of P2V (Physical to Virtual) migration tool. The P2V tool will take an existing physical server and make a virtual hard drive image of that server with the necessary modifications to the driver stack so that the server will boot up and run as a virtual server. The benefit of this is that you dont need to rebuild your servers and manually reconfigure them as a virtual server—you simply suck them in with the entire server configuration intact! So if you have a data center full of aging servers running on sub-GHz servers, these are the perfect candidates for P2V migration. You dont even need to worry about license acquisition costs because the licenses are already paid for. You could literally take a room with 128 sub-GHz legacy servers and put them into eight 1U dual-socket quad-core servers with dual-Gigabit Ethernet and two independent iSCSI storage arrays all connected via a Gigabit Ethernet switch. The annual hardware maintenance costs alone on the old server hardware would be enough to pay for all of the new hardware! Just imagine how clean your server room would look after such a migration. It would all fit inside of one rack and give you lots of room to grow. As an added bonus of virtualization, you get a disaster recovery plan because the virtualized images can be used to instantly recover all your servers. Ask yourself what would happen now if your legacy server died. Do you even remember how to rebuild and reconfigure all of your servers from scratch? (Im guessing youre cringing right about now.) With virtualization, you can recover that Active Directory and Exchange Server in less than an hour by rebuilding the virtual server from the P2V image. Software Automation Solutions for Virtualization These are the few platform virtualization and software providers in the market on which organizations rely upon.  »Ã‚ »VMWare  »Ã‚ »RightScale  »Ã‚ »eNomaly  »Ã‚ »Force.com  »Ã‚ »Gigaspaces  »Ã‚ »Citrix  »Ã‚ »Xen  »Ã‚ »Microsoft Virtualization  »Ã‚ »Sun VirtualBox  »Ã‚ »IBM PowerVM  »Ã‚ » Hewlett-Packard Integrity Virtual Machines (Integrity VM). Future Trends in field of Virtualization Virtualization has significant cost benefits for organizations: server consolidation can yield a saving of  £2 million over three years for an organization running 250 dual-core servers; and a power saving in the order of  £78,000 per 1,000 PCs per year can be realized by moving from a full desktop PCs infrastructure to a server-hosted desktop virtualization solution. The market for virtualization management solutions will be the most innovative and, potentially, lucrative in the near future. Financial analysts estimate the market for IT virtualization could be worth over $19 billion. As many as 16 million desktops could be virtualized by 2011. The virtualization infrastructure management (VIM) market is undoubtedly going to be the most lucrative aspect of IT virtualization in the longer term, and so is perhaps the most dynamic and active part of the virtualization scene References: Emerging trends and the evolving vendor landscape By Victoria Furness Introduction to server virtualization by George Ou www.microsoft.com

UK Education in Chaos :: social issues

UK Education in Chaos The British education system at one time was considered as one of the world's finest, admired and emulated by nations spanning several continents. Now it is in a state of disarray, reduced to nothing less than a complete shambles and plagued with corruption thanks to the implementation of the so-called Curriculum 2000. "Luck of the draw" is becoming an increasingly influential factor in today's exam lottery. This article's title draws on the sarcasm of a Warwick undergraduate contributing to the A Level newsgroup. Having been fortunate enough to take his A Levels back in the good old days when Edexcel was a reputable name, he was sceptical about the validity of students' current grievances. But the present state of the exam system means that come results day, such seemingly bizarre statements could be taken seriously. In all fairness, Edexcel were made the scapegoats [or "escape goats" as Jade from Big Brother would say] after a minor error by their printing company for a Maths paper resulted in disastrous consequences back in January. The media blitz that followed had everyone jumping on the bandwagon, venting all their fury at the exam board. Following the Yarm School head teacher's reporting of the unanswerable Maths question to the Beeb, suddenly allegations against poor old Edexcel reached new heights as they were blamed for more farcical errors. But with a sudden exponential increase in exam papers, these mistakes were inevitable. In fact such cock-ups had begun the previous summer, when in a much less publicised event, Question 1 in an AQA Physics A Level paper was impossible as it lacked essential data. From personal experience AQA's shoddy marking and virtually non-existent customer service means they deserve as much if not more criticism than Edexcel, with over 1 in 3 teachers finding AQA's marking quality unsatisfactory last year for some subjects. However, neither is at fault as much as the government, recklessly implementing these changes so that 24 million scripts had to be marked when teacher shortages.are clear. So why has Curriculum 2000 resulted in the introduction of these primary-school errors? Maybe because the endless module combinations and numerous resit opportunities have meant exam boards cannot sufficiently check through each and every one of the hundreds of different exam papers. AQA's report for January's A Level Literature paper casually mentioned how some of the options set had not been attempted by any candidates.

Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Shelley, in "Ode to the West Wind," and Wordsworth, in "Intimations of Immortality," are very similar in their use of nature to describe the life and death of the human spirit. As they both describe nature these two poets use the comparison of how the Earth and all its life is the same as our own human life. I feel that Shelley uses the seasons as a way of portraying the human life during reincarnation. Wordsworth seems to concentrate more on the stages that a person goes through during life. Shelley compares himself to such things as clouds, leaves, and waves. He is writing the poem as if he were an object of the earth, and what it is like to once live and then die only to be reborn. On the other hand, Wordsworth takes images like meadows, fields, and birds and uses them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever a person needs to move on, and with out those objects can't have life. Wordsworth does not compare himself to these things like Shelley, bu t instead uses them as an example of how he feels about the stages of living. Starting from an infant to a young boy into a man, a man who knows death is coming and can do nothing about it because it's part of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a man becomes old and has nothing to look forward to he will always look back, back to what are called the good old days. These days were full of young innocence, and no worries. Wordsworth describes these childhood days by saying that "A single Field which I have looked upon, / Both of them speak of something that is gone: The Pansy at my feet Doth the same tale repeat: Whither is fled the visionary gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream?"(190) Another example of how Wordsworth uses nature as a way of dwelling on his past childhood experiences is when he writes "O joy! That in our embers / Is something that doth live, / That nature yet remembers / What was so fugitive!" (192) Here an ember represents our fading years through life and nature is remembering the childhood that has escaped over the years. As far as Wordsworth and his moods go I think he is very touched by nature. I can picture him seeing life and feeling it in every flower, ant, and pie ce of grass that crosses his path. The emotion he feels is strongly suggested in this line "To me the meanest flower that blows can give / Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears." (193) Not only is this showi... ...d of this poem Shelley asks, "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (678) Now I wonder if this is just another line emphasizing rebirth and the similarities between the seasons. Or is Shelley saying this because he is getting the sense that the closer he gets to death the more he questions whether rebirth is real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So after close examination of both these pieces of literature I feel that the differences between these two poets is that Wordsworth looks back on how life was and Shelley wonders what's after death. I would have to say that they're very similar in the way that they use nature as a way of portraying human life. The use of how nature affects them and their love for nature brings me to that conclusion. So what makes these pieces so powerful? Really it's not the reasoning between life and death; it's the comparison of how other living things on Earth that we take for granted are similar to us as a human race. When these two poets look at a flower or a sunset they see more than just a pretty flower or a beautiful sunset they see what life is made up of, which is wonderful at times and ugly at other times. Like the saying goes you can't have good without evil. Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Shelley, in "Ode to the West Wind," and Wordsworth, in "Intimations of Immortality," are very similar in their use of nature to describe the life and death of the human spirit. As they both describe nature these two poets use the comparison of how the Earth and all its life is the same as our own human life. I feel that Shelley uses the seasons as a way of portraying the human life during reincarnation. Wordsworth seems to concentrate more on the stages that a person goes through during life. Shelley compares himself to such things as clouds, leaves, and waves. He is writing the poem as if he were an object of the earth, and what it is like to once live and then die only to be reborn. On the other hand, Wordsworth takes images like meadows, fields, and birds and uses them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever a person needs to move on, and with out those objects can't have life. Wordsworth does not compare himself to these things like Shelley, bu t instead uses them as an example of how he feels about the stages of living. Starting from an infant to a young boy into a man, a man who knows death is coming and can do nothing about it because it's part of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a man becomes old and has nothing to look forward to he will always look back, back to what are called the good old days. These days were full of young innocence, and no worries. Wordsworth describes these childhood days by saying that "A single Field which I have looked upon, / Both of them speak of something that is gone: The Pansy at my feet Doth the same tale repeat: Whither is fled the visionary gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream?"(190) Another example of how Wordsworth uses nature as a way of dwelling on his past childhood experiences is when he writes "O joy! That in our embers / Is something that doth live, / That nature yet remembers / What was so fugitive!" (192) Here an ember represents our fading years through life and nature is remembering the childhood that has escaped over the years. As far as Wordsworth and his moods go I think he is very touched by nature. I can picture him seeing life and feeling it in every flower, ant, and pie ce of grass that crosses his path. The emotion he feels is strongly suggested in this line "To me the meanest flower that blows can give / Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears." (193) Not only is this showi... ...d of this poem Shelley asks, "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (678) Now I wonder if this is just another line emphasizing rebirth and the similarities between the seasons. Or is Shelley saying this because he is getting the sense that the closer he gets to death the more he questions whether rebirth is real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So after close examination of both these pieces of literature I feel that the differences between these two poets is that Wordsworth looks back on how life was and Shelley wonders what's after death. I would have to say that they're very similar in the way that they use nature as a way of portraying human life. The use of how nature affects them and their love for nature brings me to that conclusion. So what makes these pieces so powerful? Really it's not the reasoning between life and death; it's the comparison of how other living things on Earth that we take for granted are similar to us as a human race. When these two poets look at a flower or a sunset they see more than just a pretty flower or a beautiful sunset they see what life is made up of, which is wonderful at times and ugly at other times. Like the saying goes you can't have good without evil.

Functions of Hobart Meat Slicer

The Hobart 2912 Automatic Meat Slicer Midterm Equipment Speech Today, I will be going into detail of how to use the Hobart 2912 automatic meat slicer. The main purpose of this object is to slice food items to your personal preference or thickness. It is important that all of the operating parts are in their correct positions before the product is in use. There are ten compartments that make up the meat slicer. They are the top knife cover, fence, carriage tray, retaining clip, meat grip, carriage tray handles, index knob, switch knob, gauge plate, and the latch knob.The operation of this product manually is pretty simple you just have to be very careful being that the slicer does have blades that will cut if you don’t use the product correctly. You must first make sure the gauge plate is closed; pull the carriage toward you until it stops. Next, you make sure the meat grip is out of the way and place the product that you plan on slicing on to the carriage tray. You then adjust the fence by loosening the thumb screw and sliding the fence close to the product and then tighten the thumb screw back up. After that, you set the meat grip against the product.Before plugging up the slicer, make sure the lever is positioned in manual. If you do not need the meat grip slide it to the top of its travel and rotate it under the carriage tray so it will not interfere with the slicing process. You then adjust the gauge plate by turning the knob to the desired thickness. The numbers on the knob are not approximate and are used only as guidelines. You turn the slicer on by using the switch knob until it turns on and then letting it go. Use the carriage tray to push the carriage back and forth manually to cut the product. You turn the product off by using the switch gauge as well.To operate this product automatically, you do the following. You rotate the speed selector dial to desired speed making sure the carriage is in a stable position. Make sure the level is in the ma nual position and pointing downward. You then rotate the lever to automatic. Any of the six speed selections can be used on automatic and adjusted at any time by rotating the dial. When you clean the slicer you should always make sure the slicer is unplugged. Remove the carriage plate and hand wash with a mild detergent and make sure you try the slicer completely. Pull on the black lock-nut to release the blade cover for washing.Make sure you are very careful with the blade cover because the edges are sharp. Turn the thickness dial counter clockwise this helps you cover more of the blade for cleaning. A soft cloth and mild detergent will get the job done when cleaning the blade and other items that can be taken apart, make sure you dry and reassemble after you wash. The manual provides you with helpful safety precautions that I mentioned throughout this detailed explanation. I hope this information was helpful to you and gave you information on how to use the Hobart 2912 Meat Slicer .

Ancient Greeks and Romans.

Running head: ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS Comparison and Contrast of Greeks and Romans World Civilization 1 HIS 103 There were many different cultures and civilizations in the ancient world. Each of the cultures had their own customs and ethnology that either set them apart from the rest of the world or rendered them similar. Two civilizations that have a multitude of similarities as well as differences are the Greeks and the Romans. In the eyes of some, the Greeks and Romans are synonymous. While they do have their share of similarities, they also have defining characteristics that make them extraordinarily different.The Greeks and the Romans are similar and different in many aspects including religion, social/political aspects, influence of geographical factors and the lasting effect they have had on later civilizations. Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion. † If only the Greeks and Romans thought of Religion with such simplicity. Both ancient Roman and Greek civilizations took their religion very seriously and built temples and shrines showing their appreciation to the gods. Religion was a very important aspect of Greek society and culture.They participated in sacrifices and regular worships of gods for the purpose of unifying the people in a common goal to please the Gods. The Greeks were a polytheistic civilization and believed that their gods would protect their city-states if they were kept appeased. The Greeks pleased their gods by frequently performing rituals, sacrifices and ceremonies. Greek religion was more than legendary tales and fictitious myths; it was a complex organization with each city-state containing its own divinities, which acted to cement the body of citizens into a true community [ (O'Connell, 1999) ].In this concept, the Romans were similar. They also were polytheistic and very concerned about appeasing their gods. The Romans were great copiers. They b orrowed many of their gods from the Greeks, but unlike Greek gods, they were more cold and formal and did not have as much of a personality. The Romans lived under the gods and constantly tried to please them with rituals and sacred rites. The Romans also performed human and animal sacrifices in addition to the ceremonies. Over the years, these rituals became very complex and needed special people to perform them.Unlike the Greeks, the Romans had priests who were usually distinguished statesmen or generals. Roman religion and politics were intermeshed, and it was not uncommon for the emperor (during the empire period) to be worshipped as a god himself [ (O'Connell, 1999) ]. Because the Greeks were divided into many different city-states, they had many different forms of government. Aristotle divided the Greek governments into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies. In 510 B. C. he city-state of Athens created the first democratic government and shortly thereafter, the re st of the city-states followed suit [ (Carr, Ancient Greek Government, 2009) ]. They no longer had one single leader as the Romans did. Rome was originally ruled by kings, in a monarchal system. After this time period known as the Ancient Roman period, the Roman Republic was formed in 509 BC. The Roman Republic provided for a more representative government. Roman imperialism created a sizable gap in wealth and social classes within Rome.With such power and wealth, there was great economic as well as social conflict. The noblemen of Rome were constantly fighting for more wealth as small farm owners suffered when large plantations were being formed with slaves. The Roman nobles were fighting for greed and personal wealth creating extensive conflicts in Rome. Despite the conflict, the development of political institutions was one of Rome’s greatest accomplishments [ (Carr, 2009) ]. As the documentary source Histories: The Roman Constitution clearly exemplifies, the Romans had a very effective political system.As Polybius states in this excerpt, â€Å"For the people is the sole fountain of honor and of punishment; and it is by these two things and these alone that dynasties and constitutions and in a word, human society are held together: for where the distinction between them is not sharply drawn both in theory and practice, there no undertaking can be properly administered – as indeed we might expect when good and bad are held in exactly the same honor. † It is clear that the Roman constitution is equally balanced in power, and has contributed to the strength of the Roman ivilization [ (Sherman, Grunfeld, Markowitz, Rosner, & Heywood, 2006) ]. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, â€Å"Men hate each other because they fear each other, and they fear each other because they don’t know each other, and they don’t know each other because they are often separated from each other. † The many ancient Greek city states were isol ated from one another by the mountainous terrain of the Greek peninsula. Much of their land was barren so most Greek city-states arose along the coastline. Map 4-2 clearly shows the extent of Greek settlements around the Mediterranean and Black Seas between 750 and 550 B.C. E. It exemplifies the Greek civilization by illustrating the location of the Greek colonies in comparison to the competing Phoenician colonies that the Greeks often came into contact with. It also shows the importance of colonies for diffusing culture throughout the Mediterranean and explains how Greek and Greco-Roman civilization came to dominate most of the Mediterranean basin even when the Greeks were no longer a great military-political force and their colonies ceased to be independent. Because the Greeks were surrounded by mountains, they were not as open to attack as the Romans were.Map 5-1 clearly shows some of the civilizations that occupied Italy and its immediately surrounding territory during the fifth century B. C. E. It further exemplifies the Roman civilization by illustrating the many influences other civilizations had upon the Roman Republic. Before Rome became a dominant power, the Etruscans, Carthaginians and Greeks all ready had strong literate sophisticated civilizations. As Rome expanded, many of the institutions and practices of these civilizations were incorporated into their civilization.Therefore, Rome’s geographic and cultural environment played an important role in the development of the Roman Republic [ (Sherman, Grunfeld, Markowitz, Rosner, & Heywood, 2006) ]. The Roman and Greek cultures have long been admired for their literature, government and scientific accomplishments. They have not only left their foot prints on later civilizations, but they continue to be studied and admired all around the world today. Greece was home to Herodotus (the first historian) who is regarded as the father of history. Greece is also ecognized for accomplishments such as t he initial development of dramatic and comedic plays, and for being the home of the first mathematicians. In addition, Greece contributed many developments in political science including the creation of democracy and republics and the fundamentals of classical western philosophy, as found in the works of Plato and Aristotle [ (Conservapedia, 2008) ]. In The Republic as written by Plato, democracy is scrutinized. This literary work exemplifies the Greek civilization by illustrating how democracy was implemented, yet also met with resistance and criticism.Plato says â€Å"Because of the liberty which reigns there – they have a complete assortment of constitutions; and he who has a mind to establish a State, as we have been doing, must go to a democracy as he would to a bazaar at which they sell them, and pick out the one that suits him; then, when he has made his choice, he may found his State. † It is clear that Plato did not hold the Athenian form of democracy in highe st regards [ (Sherman, Grunfeld, Markowitz, Rosner, & Heywood, 2006) ]. The Romans contributed just as much as the Greeks did.Their styles of architecture are still used around the world today. Most importantly, Christianity arose and was adopted as the official faith of the Roman Empire. Although it contradicted Roman civilization by insisting that there is only one God, it still continued to spread throughout Rome and much of Europe. The Roman Republic conquered Greece in 146 BC. They took much of the Greek religion and incorporated it into their own until the 4th century CE when Christianity prevailed. The Greco-Roman population in the seventeenth century did much to shape the contemporary western world.The philosophy focused strictly on the role of reason and inquiry. Many philosophers today concede that Greco–Roman philosophy has shaped the entire Western thought since its foundation. Their architecture styles are still used as well as the democratic form of government w hich is used not only in Europe but all around the world. Seventeenth century Greco-Roman literature is still renowned, studied by historians and taught in schools all over the world. Greek and Roman contributions to the contemporary world are great in both number and significance.Their advancements in mathematics, architecture, science, philosophy, government and literature not only advanced their own civilizations but the world as a whole. Humanity has benefited greatly from the contributions of the Greeks and Romans. The world would be an entirely different place if the Romans and Greeks had not existed. The Greeks and Romans have existed in the world as separate entities and also as one community. Because they have been so intermingled, in some ways they are parallel.The Greeks and the Romans are similar and different in many aspects including religion, social/political aspects, influence of geographical factors and the lasting effect they have had on later civilizations. The Gr eek and Roman civilizations were some of the greatest civilizations to evolve. They mutually succeeded in showing other civilizations both how to succeed and how to fail at the things which men might try. Both civilizations had their peaks and their declines. While these two great civilizations continue to present their similarities, they also are extensively different.Just like many countries today have their similarities and also their differences. Despite the many technological and societal advances achieved by societies today, wars still continue to ravage the world. That fact has not changed. Differences continue to divide the globe; and until we can embrace them, will always do so. â€Å"Our greatest strength as a human race is our ability to acknowledge our differences; our greatest weakness is our failure to embrace them (Henderson, 2009). † References (2008, September 7). Retrieved March 11, 2009, from Conservapedia: http://www. conservapedia. com/Greek_influence_on_ Western_CultureCarr, K. (2009, January 15). Ancient Greek Government. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from Kidepede: http://www. historyforkids. org/learn/greeks/government/ Carr, K. (2009, January 15). Kidepede. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from Roman Government: http://www. historyforkids. org/learn/romans/government/ Grunfeld, A. T. , Heywood, L. , Markowitz, G. , Rosner, D. , & Sherman, D. (2006). World Civilizations: Sources, Images, and Interpretations (4th Edition ed. , Vol. I). New York: McGraw Hill. O'Connell, L. (1999). Paganism; Past ; Present. Retrieved March 10, 2009, from ThinkQuest:Library: