International Relations for Environmental Issues -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Relations for Global Environmental Issues. Answer: Introduction The contemporary world is filled with chaos and confusion and has become very unpredictable. There are many instruments of disorder which have created a complex scenario for different countries to establish a proper International Relation with mother global players. In the following essay discussion about the environmental issues and their implications with the International relations will be discussed. Some of the International Relation actors who are involved in the environmental issues will also be discussed and their participation will be illustrated. The actors of International Relation maybe state actors which is any government and non-state actor can be an NGO or a business organization. The theory of International Relation to mitigate the environmental issues by the actors is established in the following essay. The following essay comprises of detailed analysis of International Relation actors and their role in mitigating you know mental issues on a global level. Non-Governmental Organizations and Global Environmental Issues Globalization has led to political economic and environmental changes all over the world in which the environmental and climate change aspects have been given more importance as it has become a global epidemic and all the big global players have been affected negatively why this issue (Baylis et al. 2017). To cater to these environmental problems non-governmental organizations have become very agile since last decade to govern the global environmental issues.NGO participation in respect to the environmental issues have increased since 1992 Rio Summit. After this event multilateral organizations which are concerned about the global environmental change have become an integral part of international relations issues. Many climate change negotiations have been conducted by these NGOs which have been environmental groups, trade unions business associations and farmer associations (Bianchi 2017). These entities have taken active part in the conference of parties of the United Nations Frame work convention on climate change. This has brought a change in the status quo as these NGOs outnumber the real government negotiators. It is very unsurprising that the level of participation by the respective NGOs have affected the policy making in the context of international relations as the climate change negotiations are being based on the analysis and demands of these NGOs (Donnelly and Whelan 2017). It has developed a curiosity of its own that what are the motivational factors for these NGOs to take such level of participation in the international negotiations about the climate change. Since climate change and environmental issues has been on top of the list of international agenda for almost all the developed and developing countries it is the most prominent point of discussion in any International Relation Summit. Many governments and its mechanism do not pay much attention to the propaganda of environmental change and have very less space for these negotiation points as they have a bigger fish to fry in context of Global Security and economic partnership (Forsythe 2017). This is where the role of NGOs becomes instrumental as the shift the focus of international propaganda too much important problem which is of climate change.Since the 1972 United Nations Conference on human environment all the top International agencies have made environment its prioritized agenda which consi sts of environmental issues of biological diversity desertification ozone depletion and climate change. International decisions taken on these issues are scrutinized by huge number of NGOs and the representatives which are present during the negotiations (Fukuyama 2017). An important question which arises here is that why the government organizations allow these NGOs to participate in International environment summits which is a very high level of international negotiation. Answer to this question is given as NGOs have a dedicated mechanism of information gathering about the environmental issues which helps the government to provide information expertise and advise with almost no cost bearing to the government. This provides a cost efficient method of information procurement which helps the governments to drastically improve the quality of the process of decision making related to climate change issues (Hill et al. 2017). Another advantage which the government gets by involving the NGOs is that their participation makes the decision making process very legitimate and transparent because the intergovernmental decision making requires a huge amount of delegation which is sometimes perceived as an undemocratic process by many International entities.It h as been observed that inclusion of NGOs which are non-state actors of International Relation at different level of impact on the international negotiations which may vary according to the political agenda and emphasis on the environmental issue (Jongman 2017). Since their scope is limited and the main decision making is done by the government they are left only with the grunt work but still proves to be in instrumental. Business Organizations and Global Environment Issues Business organizations of any country are the representatives of economic condition and its economic relations with other countries. Major business players hold important place in the International Relation negotiations and their interests are given much weight age than any other entity. This is why when the business organizations start taking interest in the global environment issues it becomes imperative for other countries to entertain their opinions and inputs when framing the environmental policies (Klmov-Alexander 2017). It has been observed that business organizations in the field of Pharmaceutical and iron and steel industries are the major players who are concerned with the climate change as the manufacturing units of these industries have serious environmental implications which are to be regulated during International summits on environment. World's leading pharmaceutical company Pfizer has taken an active part in the global environmental summits world over for waste manag ement and emission standards of the factories (Kruck and Schneiker 2017). Since this is an integral part of the country's economic policy there participation is valued and cannot be ignored. Business organizations have always been an important part of the International Relation negotiations as many bilateral and multilateral International policies are based on the projects and business ventures which are to be established in other countries. Environmental regulations directly impact the nature of manufacturing and type of products which are to be produced by the business organizations. Therefore these regulations must be in the favor of these huge business companies which make the manufacturing easier and congenial according to the given guidelines (O'neill 2017). Establishment of industries in foreign Nations needs clearance of environmental factors which are specific to the host country. These environmental clearances are dependent on the type of International Relation between the host and the parent country. Harnessing raw material and natural resources also requires permissions, of mining which is also an international agenda and needs negotiation on the international level. Business organizations may not be direct actors in the International Relation concept but being a non-state actor they have the most prominent position when it comes to International Relation is agendas (Or et al. 2017). The negotiations of busin ess related environmental issues have devised a new system in which the same business organizations which were involved in environmental degradation had to formulate new policies based on advanced technology to mitigate the effects of climate change. This advancement of technology has been agreed upon buy all the concerned nations and their business organizations to invest in the research and development for environmental protection. Being a non-state actor business organizations become very important instrument as they provide the information technology and manpower to work on the agendas and to realize them in real time which can be a time taking and complex procedure for the state government as it requires huge amount of delegation (Ye?ilta?and Karda? 2017).The entire system of business organization being a non-state actor in the international relations negotiation is a Quid Pro quo as the business organizations provide valuable insight to the government for negotiating with other countries to maximize their own benefits. They provide the strategy and the framework through which the government can gain most by making an international deal which can be multilateral or bilateral. Therefore the government should also liberalize the international rules and regulations for those respective business organizations so that they can easily do their business deals and get support from government organizations (Baylis et al. 2017).It is evident that no country in the world has developed itself by cutting out huge business organizations of their respective countries in international negotiations. State Military and its Environmental Implications Another actor in international relations is the military of a state which acts under the guidance of the country's government to tackle the problems of Environment Degradation. Since many countries have their military base in regions where biodiversity is a very prominent aspect (O'neill 2017). Due to the presence of military and its training centers degradation has been observed in the ecology of that place. For example Marshall Islands has been the military base for United States of America for quite some time. It has become the testing center for ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons which has had devastating effect on the ecosystem and biodiversity of the Islands. Due to testing of nuclear warheads almost entire group of islands have become a barren wasteland and there is a high level of radiation around those islands (Or et al. 2017). Organizations of environmental protection have filed many number of cases against the US government in the International Court of Justice. Since the entire message created by the military it becomes their own duty to reduce the effects of environmental degradation and climate change. For that purpose the military should be guided and ordered to bring proper information about the current status of environmental degradation. The US government and other environmental organizations of the world have collaboratively started a Millennium project which aims to prepare strategies can divert the political attention of the government to mitigate the negative effects of missile testing which the military have created (Kruck and Schneiker 2017). The Millennium project guides military personnel to bring scientific evidence of the concerned place. On the basis of these evidences mitigation strategies should be devised so that the flora and fauna of the concerned places can be restored. Military of a state is directly responsible to the government and vice-versa. Therefore it becomes the responsibility of that particular government to maintain an ecological balance in the area where the military is deployed. The issue of environmental degradation done by the state actors is not limited only to land. United States have innumerable warships and navel fleets which are positioned in almost all the strategically important water bodies (Baylis et al. 2017). Due to the presence for a long time marine pollution happens to increase. Huge ships disturb the Marine ecosystem of the place which has environmental impact on the lives of aquatic animals. Death of whales in large numbers in the Pacific Ocean where us Naval fleets are deployed have been observed in recent days. Oil tankers which are sent to refill the Planes and ships are susceptible to leakage which creates an environmental hazard of oil spill. To mitigate these problems United Nations have structured many treaties and guidelines in which rules and regulations about presence of military and naval forces in areas of high biodiversity importance are mentioned (Ye?ilta?and Karda? 2017). These rules are for every country who have deployed their military and have environmental implications due to that. All the Global players of environmental protection are spending money to formulate new methods through research and development to minimize the damaging implications of these military stunts which are in practice all over the globe. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded from the above essay discussion that presence of state and non-state actors in international relations is vital to comprehend the international issue of environment degradation and climate change comprehensively. The presence of state and non-state actors enhance the working capacity and quality when synchronized with government entities who allow them to participate and execute the key agendas of the negotiations. Due to the involvement of these International Relation actors many international summits on environment and climate change have been realized successfully which have impacted the environment in a positive way. Due to presence of non-state actor like business organizations the economic prospects gets into limelight which is very lucrative for all the developing and developed Nations and they persuade them to adhere to the new regulations. Thus it can be said that presence of state and non-state actors determine the course of international negotiatio ns mostly in a positive way. References Baylis, J., Owens, P. and Smith, S. eds., 2017.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Bianchi, A. ed., 2017.Non-state actors and international law. Routledge. Donnelly, J. and Whelan, D.J., 2017.International human rights. Westview Press. Forsythe, D.P., 2017.Human rights in international relations. Cambridge University Press. Fukuyama, F., 2017.State building: Governance and world order in the 21st century. Profile Books. Hill, C., Smith, M. and Vanhoonacker, S., 2017.International relations and the European Union. Oxford University Press. 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